Showing posts with label Anointing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Anointing. Show all posts

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Our Good Shepherd & the Calling of the Tribes


Many Christians today believe that they must help our Father in Heaven fulfill prophecy and bring people to the knowledge of Jesus Christ.  The problem with this theology is that it is not based on scripture.  Jesus Christ did tell the apostles to go out and tell the Israelites that he did come and there were a few minor changes in the law; however, there is no command for us now to act as missionaries and go out to save others.  Scripture states that Jesus Christ is the Good Shepherd of the Sheep and as the shepherd he will lead them to the path of righteousness.  Scripture also states that Jesus Christ ‘calls us’ to the knowledge of the truth.  Therefore, we do not choose him and instead he chooses who he desires to know the truth and will help lead them to salvation.





The Sheep Herder


The oldest two professions in the bible are sheep herding and a farmer who is a tiller of the ground. Abel was a keeper of the sheep which is now called a shepherd.  The English word shepherd is a compound word ‘sheep’ plus ‘herd’.  A shepherd or sheepherder is a person who takes care of sheep, herds, feeds, and guards’ herds of sheep.

“And she again bore his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. And it was so after some time that Cain brought of the fruits of the earth a sacrifice to the Lord.” Sep Gen 4:2-3

Seth was the blessed seedline and a replacement for Abel; however scripture does not mention that Seth was a sheepherder but he probably was.  The next sheepherder in the blessed seedline of Jesus Christ is Abraham.

“And they treated Abram well on her account, and he had sheep, and calves, and asses, and men-servants, and women-servants, and mules, and camels.”  Sep Gen 12:16 




Jesus the Christ is my Shepherd


The verses below show all the promises that Jesus has or will fulfill as the Good Shepherd.  Notice in each verse it states the promises HE will do.

“A Psalm of David. The Lord tends me as a shepherd, and I shall want nothing. In a place of green grass, there he has made me dwell: he has nourished me by the water of rest. He has restored my soul: he has guided me into the paths of righteousness, for his name's sake. Yea, even if I should walk in the midst of the shadow of death, I will not be afraid of evils: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff, these have comforted me. Thou has prepared a table before me in presence of them that afflict me: thou hast thoroughly anointed my head with oil; and thy cup cheers me like the best wine. Thy mercy also shall follow me all the days of my life: and my dwelling shall be in the house of the Lord for a very long time.” Sep Psa 23:1-6

For thus saith the Lord God, Behold, I will seek out my sheep, and will visit them.  As the shepherd seeks his flock, in the day when there is darkness and cloud, in the midst of the sheep that are separated: so will I seek out my sheep, and will bring them back from every place where they were scattered in the day of cloud and darkness. And I will bring them out from the Gentiles, and will gather them from the countries, and will bring them into their own land, and will feed them upon the mountains of Israel, and in the valleys, and in every inhabited place of the land. I will feed them in a good pasture, on a high mountain of Israel: and their folds shall be there, and they shall lie down, and there shall they rest in perfect prosperity, and they shall feed in a fat pasture on the mountains of Israel. I will feed my sheep, and I will cause them to rest; and they shall know that I am the Lord: thus saith the Lord God. I will seek that which is lost, and I will recover the stray one, and will bind up that which was broken, and will strengthen the fainting, and will guard the strong, and will feed them with judgment. And as for you, ye sheep, thus saith the Lord God, Behold, I will distinguish between sheep and sheep, between rams and he-goats.  And is it not enough for you that ye fed on the good pasture, that ye trampled with your feet the remnant of your pasture? and that ye drank the standing water, that ye disturbed the residue with your feet?  So my sheep fed on that which ye had trampled with your feet; and they drank the water that had been disturbed by your feet. Therefore thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I will separate between the strong sheep and the weak sheep.   Ye did thrust with your sides and shoulders, and pushed with your horns, and ye cruelly treated all the sick.  Therefore I will save my sheep, and they shall not be any more for a prey; and will judge between ram and ram. And I will raise up one shepherd over them, and he shall tend them, even my servant David, and he shall be their shepherd; and I the Lord will be to them a God, and David a prince in the midst of them; I the Lord have spoken it.” Sep Eze 34:11-24

“And my servant David shall be a prince in the midst of them: there shall be one shepherd of them all; for they shall walk in mine ordinances, and keep my judgments, and do them.” Sep Eze 37:24 

“Behold the Lord! The Lord is coming with strength, and his arm is with power: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him.  He shall tend his flock as a shepherd, and he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and shall soothe them that are with young.” Sep Isa 40:10-11 

“When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him; and assembling all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Christ was to be born. They told him, “In Bethlehem of Judea, for so it is written by the prophet: “‘And you, O Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.’”” ESV Mat 2:3-6

I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. He who is a hired hand and not a shepherd, who does not own the sheep, sees the wolf coming and leaves the sheep and flees, and the wolf snatches them and scatters them. He flees because he is a hired hand and cares nothing for the sheep. I am the good shepherd. I know my own and my own know me, just as the Father knows me and I know the Father; and I lay down my life for the sheep.” ESV John 10:11-15

 “My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.” ESV John 10:27

“Now may the God of peace who brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, the great shepherd of the sheep, by the blood of the eternal covenant, equip you with everything good that you may do his will, working in us that which is pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever and ever. Amen.” ESV Heb 13:20-21

“And when the chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the unfading crown of glory.” 1 Pet 5:4

“For the Lamb in the midst of the throne will be their shepherd, and he will guide them to springs of living water, and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.” ESV Rev 7:17

Jesus Christ the Shepherd of the Lost Sheep of Israel


Scripture tells us that Jesus is the Shepherd of the lost sheep of the tribes of Jacob Israel.  Jeremiah explains that Jesus’ sheep were lost during his life time.  These sheep forgot who they were and they forgot where they came from.  Jeremiah states that it was false pastors also called shepherds that led the Israelites astray. They were never really lost though since Jesus and the apostles knew where they were located.

Since the book of Jeremiah is ordered differently in the Greek Septuagint than the Masoretic text I provided both versions of the same verse.

My people have been lost sheep: their shepherds thrust them out, they caused them to wander on the mountains: they went from mountain to hill, they forgot their resting-place.” Sep Jer 27:6 

My people have been lost sheep. Their shepherds have led them astray, turning them away on the mountains. From mountain to hill they have gone. They have forgotten their fold.” ESV Jer 50:6

Notice that when the apostles were called to go witness about Jesus Christ they were to do it without payment.  Today’s missionaries and pastors ask for money to fund their services.

“These twelve Jesus sent out, instructing them, “Go nowhere among the Gentiles and enter no town of the Samaritans, but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. And proclaim as you go, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand.’ Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out demons. You received without paying; give without pay.” ESV Mat 10:5-8

“He [Jesus] answered, “I was sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.” ESV Mat 15:24

“So he told them this parable: “What man of you, having a hundred sheep, if he has lost one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the open country, and go after the one that is lost, until he finds it? And when he has found it, he lays it on his shoulders, rejoicing. And when he comes home, he calls together his friends and his neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep that was lost.’ Just so, I tell you, there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who need no repentance.” ESV Luke 15:3-7


The Calling of the Lost Sheep of the House of Israel


Our Father in Heaven promised that Isaac’s seed would be called which means that Isaac’s descendants would be summoned or invited.  Isaac’s seed was ‘called’ to receive the blessing of being the holy seedline of Jesus Christ. Isaac’s seedline is being called right now regarding the true path of righteousness and will be summoned when Jesus returns.

“But God said to Abraam, Let it not be hard before thee concerning the child, and concerning the bondwoman; in all things whatsoever Sarrha shall say to thee, hear her voice, for in Isaac shall thy seed be called [G2564 kaleō; I call, summon, invite].” Sep Gen 21:12

The tribes of Israel were instructed to observe the feast days according to the laws of Moses. The Brenton Greek Septuagint translates the Greek word ‘kaleō’ to the English word ‘convocation’ in verses regarding the feast days of Israel.  Convocation means ‘the act of calling or assembling by summons’.  The feast dates are days where the Israelites are summoned together by invitation of our Father in Heaven.

“Seven days ye shall eat unleavened bread, and from the first day ye shall utterly remove leaven from your houses: whoever shall eat leaven, that soul shall be utterly destroyed from Israel, from the first day until the seventh day.  And the first day shall be called holy, and the seventh day shall be a holy [G39 hagion; separated to God] convocation [G2564 kaleō; I call, summon, invite] to you: ye shall do no servile work on them, only as many things as will necessarily be done by every soul, this only shall be done by you.  And ye shall keep this commandment, for on this day will I bring out your force out of the land of Egypt; and ye shall make this day a perpetual ordinance for you throughout your generations. Sep Exo 12:15-17

All of the feast days, that the Israelites are invited to observe in the laws of Moses, were given calendar dates to hold these holy assemblies.  The English word ‘calendar’ is derived from the Latin word ‘calare’ which was derived from the Latin word ‘calo’.  The Latin word ‘calo’ is derived from the Greek word ‘kaléō’ (G2564 above) meaning ‘I call, summon, invite’.  Therefore, the calendar is a tool to track the dates of holy assemblies that Israelites are summoned to attend.

The verses below all reflect that Jesus Christ calls us to him:

“Since I called [G2564 kaleō; I call, summon, invite], and ye did not hearken; and I spoke at length, and ye gave no heed; but ye set at nought my counsels, and disregarded my reproofs; therefore I also will laugh at your destruction; and I will rejoice against you when ruin comes upon you: yea when dismay suddenly comes upon you, and your overthrow shall arrive like a tempest; and when tribulation and distress shall come upon you, or when ruin shall come upon you. For it shall be that when ye call [G1941 epikaleomai; to entitle; by implication, to invoke (for aid, worship, testimony, decision, etc.)] upon me, I will not hearken to you: wicked men shall seek me, but shall not find me.” Sep Pro 1:24-28

“Hear me, O Jacob, and Israel whom I call [G2564 kaleō; I call, summon, invite]; I am the first, and I endure for ever.” Sep Isa 48:12  

“Go and learn what this means: I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.’ For I came not to call [G2564 kaleó; I call, summon, invite, I call name] the righteous, but sinners.” ESV Mat 9:13

“To him the gatekeeper opens. The sheep hear his voice, and he calls [G5455 phóneó; call for, crow, cry, I call (to myself), summon, I invite, address] his own sheep by name and leads them out.” ESV John 10:3

“And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called [G2822 klétos; called, invited, summoned by God to an office or to salvation derived from G2564 kaleó] according to his purpose. For those whom he foreknew he also predestined [G4309 proorizó; I foreordain, predetermine, mark out beforehand] to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. And those whom he predestined [G4309 proorizó; I foreordain, predetermine, mark out beforehand] he also called, and those whom he called [G2564 kaleó; I call, summon, invite, name] he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified.” ESV Rom 8:28-30

“God is faithful, by whom you were called [G2564 kaleó; I call, summon, invite, name] into the fellowship of his Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.” ESV 1 Cor 1:9

“Now may the God of peace himself sanctify you completely, and may your whole spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. He who calls [G2564 kaleó; I call, summon, invite, name] you is faithful; he will surely do it.” ESV 1 Thes 5:23-24

“You did not choose me, but I chose [G1586 eklegó; I pick out for myself, choose, elect, select] you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit and that your fruit should abide, so that whatever you ask the Father in my name, he may give it to you.” ESV John 15:16

Scripture refers to Jacob Israel’s descendants as sheep since sheep only answer to their master’s call and they flock together.  Below are two short videos showing the behavior of sheep.






Jesus Promises the Holy Spirit


Scripture promises that if we get baptize, repent of our sins which brings grace (transgression of the law is sin 1 John 3:4), and keep the commandments, Jesus will give us the gift of the Holy Spirit to instruct us. 

If you love me, you will keep my commandments. And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper, to be with you forever, even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. You know him, for he dwells with you and will be in you. I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you. Yet a little while and the world will see me no more, but you will see me. Because I live, you also will live. In that day you will know that I am in my Father, and you in me, and I in you. Whoever has my commandments and keeps them, he it is who loves me. And he who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and manifest myself to him.” ESV John 14:15-21

“But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you.” ESV John 14:26

“Being therefore exalted at the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this that you yourselves are seeing and hearing.”  Acts 2:33

And Peter said to them, “Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. For the promise is for you and for your children and for all who are far off, everyone whom the Lord our God calls [G4341 proskaleó; I call to myself, summon from pros and kaleó] to himself.” “ESV Acts 2:38-39

“Truly, I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the children of man, and whatever blasphemies they utter, but whoever blasphemes [G988 blasphémia; evil speaking, railing, "switches" right for wrong (wrong for right)] against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is guilty of an eternal sin”— for they were saying, “He has an unclean[G169 akathartos; unclean, impure, not pure (because mixed), i.e. adulterated with "a wrong mix" and hence "unclean" (because tainted by sin)] spirit.” ESV Mark 3:28-30

The Holy Spirit was not a new concept in the New Testament.  It was mentioned several times in the Old Testament and here are examples:

“And Pharao said to all his servants, Shall we find such a man as this, who has the Spirit of God in him? And Pharao said to Joseph, Since God has shewed thee all these things, there is not a wiser or more prudent man than thou.” Sep Gen 41:38-39 

“Create in me a clean heart, O God; and renew a right spirit in my inward parts. Cast me not away from thy presence; and remove not thy holy Spirit from me. Restore to me the joy of thy salvation: establish me with thy directing Spirit.” Sep Psa 51:10-12 

“And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, Take to thyself Joshua the son of Naue, a man who has the Spirit in him, and thou shalt lay thy hands upon him.” Sep Num 27:18 

“But they disobeyed, and provoked his Holy Spirit: so he turned to be an enemy, he himself contended against them. Then he remembered the ancient days, saying, Where is he that brought up from the sea the shepherd of the sheep? where is he that put his Holy Spirit in them? who led Moses with his right hand, the arm of his glory? he forced the water to separate from before him, to make himself an everlasting name.” Sep Isa 63:10-11

“So the enchanters, magicians, soothsayers, and Chaldeans came in: and I told the dream before them; but they did not make known to me the interpretation thereof; until Daniel came, whose name is Baltasar, according to the name of my God, who has within him the Holy Spirit of God; to whom I said, O Baltasar, chief of the enchanters, of whom I know that the Holy Spirit of God is in thee, and no mystery is too hard for thee, hear the vision of my dream which I had, and tell me the interpretation of it.” Sep Dan 4:4-6

“For the holy spirit of discipline will flee deceit, and remove from thoughts that are without understanding, and will not abide when unrighteousness cometh in. For wisdom is a loving spirit; and will not acquit a blasphemer of his words: for God is witness of his reins, and a true beholder of his heart, and a hearer of his tongue.” Sep Wis 1:5-6

Therefore if you baptize and repent plus read his word (scripture) and ask for the guidance of the Holy Spirit you will be guided to the truth.  Nowhere in the bible does it state that you need a pastor to tell you the truth nor does the bible state you need bible commentaries to tell you the truth.  You will only receive the promise of the truth through the Holy Spirit and prayers asking Jesus for guidance.  The only other thing I think is need is a good dictionary to look up the meanings of words since the definition of many words have changed plus you need to learn to look up the original text words to learn those words and their meanings.  There are so many bibles today research which is the oldest and more likely to have the truth.  The Holy Spirit will bring to you the truth without these tools but to learn more you will need them. Ask Jesus which tools you should use to learn HIS truth.  Do not ask your pastor since they will usually lead you astray since they want all church members thinking the same as what they preach. You are responsible for your own salvation and not your pastor. The bible does not state that your pastor has the ability to save anyone. The only one that has the power to save you is Jesus Christ.

“So then, my beloved, even as ye have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling; for it is God who worketh in you both to will and to work, for his good pleasure.”  ASV Phi 2:12

The Holy Spirit is depicted in art work as a dove and other symbols. In the past, the tau ‘x’ mark was placed on the head with oil during baptism so that the person would receive the Holy Spirit.





HIS Sheep have the Law written on Our Hearts


Scripture promises the Israelites that the New Covenant would be to write the law on our heart and that we would know all know Jesus Christ; therefore why would we really need missionaries and pastors to bring us to the truth?  Two thousand years have passed since this New Covenant was implemented and Jesus’ sheep have been reading and studying HIS word ever since and they do know HIM as promised.

“For I will set mine eyes upon them for good, and I will bring them again to this land: and I will build them, and not pull them down; and I will plant them, and not pluck them up. And I will give them a heart to know me, that I am Jehovah: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God; for they shall return unto me with their whole heart.” ASV Jer 24:6-7

 “But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith Jehovah: I will put my law in their inward parts, and in their heart will I write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people: and they shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know Jehovah; for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith Jehovah: for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin will I remember no more.” ASV Jer 31:33-34

“For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel After those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, And on their heart also will I write them: And I will be to them a God, And they shall be to me a people: And they shall not teach every man his fellow-citizen, And every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: For all shall know me, From the least to the greatest of them. For I will be merciful to their iniquities, And their sins will I remember no more.” Heb 8:10-12

The true Israelites, that scripture is referring to, have the laws written on their heart and in their mind.  They do feel guilty as soon as they realize they transgressed the laws. Many of HIS sheep our sinning today only because they are deceived and they have not received the truth yet.  Jesus gets are attention by chastening us through the conviction of the Holy Spirit.

“For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth [G3811 paideuó; chastise, instruct, learn, teach, educate, discipline by punishment], and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not? But if ye be without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons.”  KJV Heb 12:6-8

“As many as I love, I reprove and chasten: be zealous therefore, and repent.” ASV Rev 3:19

My Testimony


I do know in my own personal life that all of the above scriptures are true and were delivered as promised.  In my household no one attended church; however, my mom brought me to a baby sitter who did attend church and I asked if I could go with her to church on Sundays.  Then after attending church for a while I asked my mom if the missionaries could come over and tell be about getting baptized since I thought that was important.  I was age 9 at the time and my mom did say it was ok for the missionaries to come over and instruct us.  It was my idea that they come to my house and the church never even suggested it.  My sister and I then both got baptized.  I did do all this with the churches help; however, I believe it was Jesus directing me through the Holy Spirit that caused these events to happen.

As an adult I went to many different churches looking for truth.  For at least 15 years I went to church twice a week.  I would bring the sermon home and study it further and wonder how the pastor came up with sermon based on the scriptures he quoted.  A lot of what was taught did not make sense to me.  Events took place at these various churches that were not bringing forward good fruit so I got dismayed at the churches and stopped attending. In my last few years of attending the churches I started reading the bible starting from Genesis and wondered if I was descendant to the people of the bible and kept hoping the church would address this and they never did.  So out of frustration with the churches I did not attend for 10 years. 

Then one day while I was cleaning the kitchen and listening to replay of a bible history show on TV; they stated that a certain event in history was a fulfillment to prophecy. For some reason at that very moment, it popped in my head that this statement was not true.  I thought how strange I heard that many times before and now I think that is not true any longer.  So I started reading the bible again and again the feeling came to me that I was descendant to the Israelites of the bible and I remembered thinking that 12 years prior.  So I started praying about it and I started looking for people that thought the same as me – I thought that I could not be the first person that ever thought of this.  I told myself that I was not to listen to another pastor again until I read the bible and study it further since I did not want to be misled anymore.  I did eventually find people that thought that the Anglo-Saxons, Germanic tribes and the Celts were the lost sheep of the house of Israel and I have fellow-shipped with them ever since.  I know that it was the Holy Spirit that directed me since I do not know how I could have come up with these thoughts by myself.  Through fellowship, attending feast days and listening to radio shows I learned how it came about that I was a lost Israelite; therefore being with a like-minded flock is important.

Missionary trips to other countries did not begin until the early 1800s since the Puritans did not believe in it.  They said there were no instructions in the bible to be a missionary and they believed that Jesus was the Good Shepherd.  This link shows how the first missions started https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/missionaries/william-carey.html?fbclid=IwAR1G984HOKx0WArMHsz1wOgeU8pXfPd0tBwKl-B9H_8gTcRbf_xoTc_8wjc

So if you are an Israelite or a gentile, Jesus will call you and will you listen?  I keep praying for more truth since I know there is lots more to learn and I pray for the Holy Spirit’s help. 

Learning about the promises made to me, as an Israelite, brings joy to my heart and I hope it does you also.  We do have a kinsman redeemer who is called the Good Shepherd and Jesus the Christ who will bring us to the truth in all matters. Celebrate and be joyful of this good news!









Sunday, February 24, 2019

Stone Circles & Commitment to our Father in Heaven


There are serval places and a couple of things in our bible that were named a word that originates from the word galal.  Galal means to roll, roll away, roll together, commit, remove, run down, trust, wallow (to roll).  The words that I have found that originated from the word ‘galal’ are:

·         Galaad or Gilead – a place name which differs depending on bible version
·         Galgal, Galgala, or Gilgad – a place name which differs depending on bible version
·         Galilee or Galilea – a place name which differs depending on bible version
·         Galiloth or Geliloth – a place name which differs depending on bible version
·         Golgotha – a place name
·         Gulgoleth – a skull
·         Gelgel or Galgal – a wheel; however not all wheels are called galgal




The Galgala or Gilgal close to Jerusalem was an important place where there was a ‘circle of stones’ where holy events took place in the circle, as follows:


·         Circumcising
·         An altar for offerings & sacrifices
·         Kings were anointed
·         Threshing or preparing of grains for offerings

The English word church originates from the word circle: the Greek word Kirke [κρῐ́κος (kríkos) ring] later became Circe [circus (genitive circī) orbit, circle, ring] in the Anglo-Saxon, which became Chirche in Church Latin and then became Church in English.  The Middle English alternative words for chirche were:  chirch, cherche, cherch, circe, kyrk, kirke, churche, chyrche, chyrch, chireche, church.   Therefore, both the church and Gigal meant circle.
There are many ancient circles of stone on earth that track the circuit of the sun as Enoch described in the Book of Enoch. The word temple means ‘pertaining to time’. The ancients did use solar time as documented in the book of Enoch, book of Jubilees, and the Dead Sea Scroll Temple Calendar.  The Medieval Latin word ‘circulus’ referred to circle, orbit or a calendrical cycle.

Galaad or Gilead



Genesis 31:48 – Galaad, ‘The Witness Heap’


In the verses below Jacob and Laban reconcile their differences and make promises to each other as part of their agreement of reconciliation.  The stones were set-up as a testimony or evidence of the promises or covenants they agreed to uphold.  Therefore they called the place Galaad and this word originates from galgal which means to roll away or commit. The mound of earth provided witness to their agreement of reconciliation.

“Come therefore, let us enter into a league: that it may be for a testimony between me and thee. And Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a title: And he said to his brethren: Bring hither stones. And they gathering stones together, made a heap, and they ate upon it. And Laban called it The witness heap: and Jacob, The hillock of testimony: each of them according to the propriety of his language. And Laban said: This heap shall be a witness between me and thee this day, and therefore the name thereof was called Galaad, that is, The witness heap.” DR Gen 31:44-48

“dixitque Laban tumulus [mound of earth] iste testis [witness or one who testifies] erit inter me et te hodie et idcirco appellatum est nomen eius Galaad id est tumulus [mound of earth]  Testis [witness or one who testifies]” LV Gen 31:48

“And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed” KJV Gen 31:48

And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap [G1015 βουνός (bounos) a hill, mound], and the pillar, which I have set between me and thee; this heap witnesses, and this pillar witnesses; therefore its name was called, the Heap [G1015 βουνός (bounos) a hill, mound] witnesses [μαρτυρεί (martureō) to be a witness, to bear witness, give evidence, bear testimony].” Sep Gen 31:48  

Below is what ‘Jamieson, Fausset and Brown Commentary’ had to say about Genesis 31:44:

44. Come thou, let us make a covenant--The way in which this covenant was ratified was by a heap of stones being laid in a circular pile, to serve as seats, and in the center of this circle a large one was set up perpendicularly for an altar. It is probable that a sacrifice was first offered, and then that the feast of reconciliation was partaken of by both parties seated on the stones around it.”

Joshua 22:10 – Altar at Galaad or Gilead of Jordon


After the land was divided among the tribes of Israel in Joshua, the tribe of Ruben, Gad and Manasses went to their land called Galaad (Gilead) and built an altar.  This land appears to be in the same area that Jacob and Laban created the mound of earth called Galaad (Gilead) since both places are east of the Jordon.  However, Manasseh had a grandson who was called Gilead (Galaad) and they may have named this land after him.  I do believe that this is the land though that Laban and Jacob named Galaad (Gilead).

“And I gave Gilead unto Machir. And unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave from Gilead even unto the valley of the Arnon, the middle of the valley, and the border thereof, even unto the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon;”  ASV Deu 3:15-16

“The sons of Manasseh: of Machir, the family of the Machirites; and Machir begat Gilead; of Gilead, the family of the Gileadites.” ASV Num 26:29

The tribes of Ruben, Gad and Manasses built an altar in Galaad (Gilead).  This altar may have been made within a circle of stones???

“So the children of Ruben, and the children of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasses returned, and parted from the children of Israel in Silo, which is in Chanaan, to go into Galaad the land of their possession, which they had obtained according to the commandment of the Lord by the hand of Moses. And when they were come to the banks of the Jordan, in the land of Chanaan, they built an altar immensely great near the Jordan.” DR Jos 22:9-10 

reversique sunt et abierunt filii Ruben et filii Gad et dimidia tribus Manasse a filiis Israhel de Silo quae sita est in Chanaan ut intrarent Galaad terram possessionis suae quam obtinuerant iuxta imperium Domini in manu Mosi cumque venissent ad tumulos Iordanis in terra Chanaan aedificaverunt iuxta Iordanem altare infinitae magnitudinis” LV Jos 22:10 

“And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh returned, and departed from the children of Israel out of Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan, to go unto the country of Gilead to the land of their possession, whereof they were possessed, according to the word of the Lord by the hand of Moses.” KJV Jos 22:9

And they came to Galaad [Γαληλώθ] of Jordan, which is in the land of Chanaan: and the children of Ruben, and the children of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasse built there an alter by Jordan, a great altar to look at.” Sep Jos 22:10 



Galgal, Galgala, or Gilgad


Our bibles have a place called ‘Gilgal, Galgal, or Galgala’ (depends on bible version) which means ‘circle of stones’.  The noun Gilgal comes from the word ‘gilgal’ which means wheel. The word ‘gilgal’ originates from the word ‘galgal’ which means a wheel, whirl, whirlwind (heaven, rolling thing). The word ‘galgal’ originates form the word ‘galal’ which means to roll, roll away  (commit, remove, down, together, run down, seek occasion, trust).

Exodus 24:4 – Moses sets-up 12 Stones as Witness to the Covenant


In the verses below, Moses set-up an altar and a stone for each of the tribes of Israel, as evidence that the 12 tribes agreed to be to be obedient and do what our Father in Heaven told them to do.  Therefore a commitment was made and the 12 stones represented evidence to the commitment.  The word Galgal does mean a commitment; however I do realize that the word galgal was not used in these verses.  This is an example of stones being placed as evidence.

“And to Moses he said, Go up to the Lord, thou and Aaron and Nadab and Abiud, and seventy of the elders of Israel: and they shall worship the Lord from a distance. And Moses alone shall draw nigh to God; and they shall not draw nigh, and the people shall not come up with them. And Moses went in and related to the people all the words of God and the ordinances; and all the people answered with one voice, saying, All the words which the Lord has spoken, we will do and be obedient. And Moses wrote all the words of the Lord; and Moses rose up early in the morning, and built an altar under the mountain, and set up twelve stones for the twelve tribes of Israel. And he sent forth the young men of the children of Israel, and they offered whole burnt-offerings, and they sacrificed young calves as a peace-offering to God. And Moses took half the blood and poured it into bowls, and half the blood he poured out upon the altar. And he took the book of the covenant and read it in the ears of the people, and they said, All things whatsoever the Lord has spoken we will do and hearken therein.” Sep Exo 24:1-7

Joshua 4:19 – Commanded to Build Circle of 12 Stones; Galgal, Galgala, or Gilgal


After the Israelites lived in the wilderness for 40 years they crossed over the Jordan and were commanded to make a ‘circle of stones’ as a witness or evidence of the ark of the covenant crossing the Jordan:

And Joshua having called twelve men of distinction among the children of Israel, one of each tribe, said to them, Advance before me in the presence of the Lord into the midst of Jordan, and each having taken up a stone from thence, let him carry it on his shoulders, according to the number of the twelve tribes of Israel: that these may be to you continually for an appointed sign, that when thy son asks thee in future, saying, What are these stones to us? then thou mayest explain to thy son, saying, The river Jordan was dried up from before the ark of the covenant of the Lord of the whole earth, when it passed it: and these stones shall be for a memorial for you for the children of Israel for ever. And the children of Israel did so, as the Lord commanded Joshua; and they took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, (as the Lord commanded Joshua, when the children of Israel had completely passed over,)and carried these stones with them into the camp, and laid them down there. And Joshua set also other twelve stones in Jordan itself, in the place that was under the feet of the priests that bore the ark of the covenant of the Lord; and there they are to this day.   Sep Jos 4:4-9

The circle of stones was placed in Gilgal:

 And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal circle of stones’, in the east border of Jericho. And those twelve stones, which they took out of Jordan, did Joshua pitch in Gilgal.” KJV Jos 4:19-20
And the people came up out of the Jordan, the tenth day of the first month, and camped in Galgal, over against the east side of the city of Jericho. And the twelve stones which they had taken out of the channel of the Jordan, Josue pitched in Galgal, And said to the children of Israel: When your children shall ask their fathers, to morrow, and shall say to them: What mean these stones? You shall teach them and say: Israel passed over this Jordan through the dry channel.” DR Joshua 4:19-22
populus autem ascendit de Iordane decimo mensis primi die et castrametati sunt in Galgalis contra orientalem plagam urbis Hiericho duodecim quoque lapides quos de Iordanis alveo sumpserant posuit Iosue in Galgalis LV Jos 4:19-20
And the people went up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month [Pick the Lamb date, Exo 12:3]; and the children of Israel encamped in Galgala [Γαλγάλοις] in the region eastward from Jericho.  And Joshua set these twelve stones which he took out of Jordan, in Galgala, saying, When your sons ask you, saying, What are these stones?” Sep Jos 4:19-21


Joshua 5:9 – Rolled Away Disgrace at Galgal, Gilgal, Galgala


After the ‘circle of stones’ were placed at Gilgal, the children of Israel were purified and men circumcised at Gilgal.  The Latin word circumcīdō is two words:  circum-: “round about” or “in a circle around” and caedō: cut, hew, fell.  Therefore, while in the ‘circle of stones’ they cut-off the foreskin that circled their penis.  Our Father in Heaven removed their uncleanness and removed their disgrace.  The Israelites were made clean and set-apart as holy in the ‘circle of stones’.  At this point the Israelites were committed (galgal) to our Father in Heaven as HIS chosen people and they were removed (galgal) from being reckoned with Adam’s other descendants who are known as gentiles.

And the Lord said unto Joshua, This day have I rolled away [galal:  commit, remove, roll (away, down, together), run down, seek occasion, trust, wallow] the reproach of Egypt from off you. Wherefore the name of the place is called Gilgal unto this day.” KJV Jos 5:9

The children of these succeeded in the place of their fathers, and were circumcised by Josue: for they were uncircumcised even as they were born, and no one had circumcised them in the way.” DR Jos 5:7

“horum filii in locum successerunt patrum et circumcisi sunt ab Iosue quia sicut nati fuerant in praeputio erant nec eos in via aliquis circumciderat”  LV Jos 5:7

“And the Lord said to Josue: This day have I taken away from you the reproach of Egypt. And the name of that place was called Galgal, until this present day.”  DR Jos 5:9

dixitque Dominus ad Iosue hodie[on this day] abstuli[take away, carry off, remove, separate] obprobrium Aegypti a vobis vocatumque est nomen loci illius Galgala usque in praesentem die”  LV Jos 5:9

 “And this is the way in which Joshua purified the children of Israel; as many as were born in the way, and as many as were uncircumcised of them that came out of Egypt, all these Joshua circumcised; for forty and two years Israel wondered in the wilderness of Mabdaris-- Wherefore most of the fighting men that came out of the land of Egypt, were uncircumcised, who disobeyed the commands of God; concerning whom also he determined that they should not see the land, which the Lord sware to give to their fathers, even a land flowing with milk and honey. And in their place he raised up their sons, whom Joshua circumcised, because they were uncircumcised, having been born by the way. And when they had been circumcised they rested continuing there in the camp till they were healed. And the Lord said to Joshua the son of Naue, On this day have I removed [αφείλον (aphaireó): remove, cut off, take away; from two words apo: 'away from'and  haireó: to choose, to take for oneself] the reproach [ονειδισμόν (oneidismos) removed their condemnation or disgrace] of Egypt from you: and he called the name of that place Galgala [Γάλγαλα].” Sep Jos 5:4-9 (Greek aphaireó is one of the equivalent words to the  block Hebrew Galgal)

The act of removing their foreskin in the circle was the place where our Father in Heaven chose the Israelites to be HIS chosen and clean people.  Josephus said it was a sign of liberty. 


“Now the place where Joshua pitched his camp was called Gilgal, which denotes liberty; for since now they had passed over Jordan, they looked on themselves as freed from the miseries which they had undergone from the Egyptians, and in the wilderness.” Antiquities.5.1.11, verse 34

Joshua 10:6 – Camp at Galgal, Gilgal, Galgala


Gilgal, Galgal, Galgalis, and Galgola was all the same place and same ‘circle of stones’; different versions of the bible show variations of the spelling:

 “And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal [circle of stones], saying, Slack not thy hand from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us: for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the mountains are gathered together against us. So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valour.”  KJV Jos 10:6-7

But the inhabitants of the city of Gabaon which was besieged, sent to Josue, who then abode in the camp at Galgal, and said to him: Withdraw not thy hands from helping thy servants: come up quickly and save us, and bring us succour: for all the kings of the Amorrhites, who dwell in the mountains, are gathered together against us. And Josue went up from Galgal, and all the army of the warriors with him, most valiant men.” DR Jos 10:6-7

habitatores autem Gabaon urbis obsessae miserunt ad Iosue qui tunc morabatur in castris apud Galgalam et dixerunt ei ne retrahas manus tuas ab auxilio servorum tuorum ascende cito et libera nos ferque praesidium convenerunt enim adversum nos omnes reges Amorreorum qui habitant in montanis ascenditque Iosue de Galgalis et omnis exercitus bellatorum cum eo viri fortissimi” LV Jos 10:6-7

 “And the inhabitants of Gabaon sent to Joshua into the camp to Galgala, saying, Slack not thy hands from thy servants: come up quickly to us, and help us, and rescue us; for all the kings of the Amorites who dwell in the hill country are gathered together against us. And Joshua went up from Galgala, he and all the people of war with him, every one mighty in strength.” Sep Jos 10:6-7

Joshua 15:7 – Border Place of Galgal, Galgala or Gilgal


This verse shows that Gilgal was on the border of Judah and Benjamin:

And the border went up toward Debir from the valley of Achor, and so northward, looking toward Gilgal [circle of stones], that is before the going up to Adummim, which is on the south side of the river: and the border passed toward the waters of Enshemesh, and the goings out thereof were at Enrogel.” KJV Jos 15:7

“And reaching as far as the borders of Debara from the valley of Achor, and so northward looking towards Galgal, which is opposite to the ascent of Adommin, on the south side of the torrent: and the border passeth the waters that are called the fountain of the sun: and the goings out thereof shall be at the fountain Rogel.” DR Jos 15:7

et tendens usque ad terminos Debera de valle Achor contra aquilonem respiciens Galgala quae est ex adverso ascensionis Adommim ab australi parte torrentis transitque aquas quae vocantur fons Solis et erunt exitus eius ad fontem Rogel”  LV Jos 15:7

And the borders continue on to the fourth part of the valley of Achor, and go down to Galgal [Γαλγάλ], which is before the approach of Adammin, which is southward in the valley, and terminate at the water of the fountain of the sun; and their going forth shall be the fountain of Rogel.” Sep Jos 15:7 

 Note:  The same Greek word [Γαλγάλ] was used above and Ezekiel 10:13.  More information about this is below.


1 Samuel 10:8 – Offerings at Galgal or Galgala or Gilgal


Gilgal was a place where offerings were made:

“And thou shalt go down before me to Galgal, (for I will come down to thee,) that thou mayest offer an oblation, and sacrifice victims of peace: seven days shalt thou wait, O till I come to thee, and I will shew thee what thou art to do.” DR 1Sam 10:8

“quando ergo evenerint signa haec omnia tibi fac quaecumque invenerit manus tua quia Dominus tecum est et descendes ante me in Galgala ego quippe descendam ad te ut offeras oblationem et immoles victimas pacificas septem diebus expectabis donec veniam ad te et ostendam tibi quae facias” LV 1Sam 10:8

And thou shalt go down before me to Gilgal; and, behold, I will come down unto thee, to offer burnt offerings, and to sacrifice sacrifices of peace offerings: seven days shalt thou tarry, till I come to thee, and shew thee what thou shalt do.” KJV 1Sam 10:8

And it shall come to pass when these signs shall come upon thee, --then do thou whatsoever thy hand shall find, because God is with thee. And thou shalt go down in front of Galgal [Γάλγαλα], and behold, I come down to thee to offer a whole-burnt-offering and peace-offerings: seven days shalt thou wait until I shall come to thee, and I will make known to thee what thou shalt do. And it came to pass when he turned his back to depart from Samuel, God gave him another heart; and all these signs came to pass in that day.” Sep 1Sa 10:7-9



1 Samuel 11:15 – Saul Anointed King at Galgala


Gilgal is where Saul was anointed as king of Israel:

And Samuel said to the people: Come and let us go to Galgal, and let us renew the kingdom there. And all the people went to Galgal, and there they made Saul king before the Lord in Galgal, and they sacrificed there victims of peace before the Lord. And there Saul and all the men of Israel rejoiced exceedingly.” DR 1Sa 11:14-15

dixit autem Samuhel ad populum venite et eamus in Galgala et innovemus ibi regnum et perrexit omnis populus in Galgala et fecerunt ibi regem Saul coram Domino in Galgala et immolaverunt ibi victimas pacificas coram Domino et laetatus est ibi Saul et cuncti viri Israhel nimis” LV 1Sa 11:14-15

“Then said Samuel to the people, Come, and let us go to Gilgal [Gilgal: "circle (of stones)"] and renew the kingdom there. And all the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king before the Lord in Gilgal; and there they sacrificed sacrifices of peace offerings before the Lord; and there Saul and all the men of Israel rejoiced greatly.” KJV 1Sa 11:14-15

And Samuel spoke to the people, saying, Let us go to Galgala, and there renew the kingdom. And all the people went to Galgala, and Samuel anointed Saul there to be king before the Lord in Galgala, and there he offered meat-offerings and peace-offerings before the Lord: and Samuel and all Israel rejoiced exceedingly.” Sep 1Sa 11:14-15

And when Samuel had told them that he ought to confirm the kingdom to Saul by a second ordination of him, they all came together to the city of Gilgal, for thither did he command them to come. So the prophet anointed Saul with the holy oil in the sight of the multitude, and declared him to be king the second time; and so the government of the Hebrews was changed into a regal government” Antiquities.6.5.4, verse 83

1 Samuel 15:21 – Sacrifice at Galgal or Galgalis or Gilgal


Sacrifices were made at Gilgal:

But the people took of the spoils sheep and oxen, as the firstfruits of those things that were slain, to offer sacrifice to the Lord their God in Galgal.” DR 1Sa 15:21

tulit autem populus de praeda oves et boves primitias eorum quae caesa sunt ut immolet Domino Deo suo in Galgalis” LV 1Sa 15:21 
But the people took of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the chief of the things which should have been utterly destroyed, to sacrifice unto the Lord thy God in Gilgal.” KJV 1Sa 15:21

But the people took of the spoils the best flocks and herds out of that which was destroyed, to sacrifice before the Lord our God in Galgal [Γαλγάλοις].” Sep 1Sa 15:21



Nehemiah 12:28 – House of Galgal


Israelites were brought from many places including Gilgal (Galgal) to celebrate the dedication of the wall being built around Jerusalem during the time of Nehemiah:

“And from the house of Galgal, and from the countries of Geba and Azmaveth: for the singing men had built themselves villages round about Jerusalem. “ DR Neh 12:29

et de domo Galgal et de regionibus Geba et Azmaveth quoniam villas aedificaverunt sibi cantores in circuitu Hierusalem” LV Neh 12:29

Also from the house of Gilgal, and out of the fields of Geba and Azmaveth: for the singers had builded them villages round about Jerusalem.”  KJV Neh 12:29

And the sons of the singers were assembled both from the neighbourhood round about to Jerusalem, and from the villages, and from the country: for the singers built themselves villages by Jerusalem.” Sep Neh 12:28-29



Galiloth or Geliloth


The bible place name Galiloth or Geliloth also originates from the word galgal.  Geliloth means circles and probably refers to a ‘circle of stones’. It is the plural from of ‘gelilah’ meaning a circuit or region (border, coast, country) and it is derived from ‘galil’ meaning turning, folding or ring.  Galil is derived from galal meaning to roll away or commit. 

Joshua 18:18 – Benjamin border Galiloth or Geliloth


Galiloth (Geliloth) was a place mentioned once in the bible and was located on the border of Benjamin’s property.  It might be that Ruben’s son Baeon’s stone is part of a stone monument located at Galiloth.  The stone of Baeon also bordered Judah’s property (Jos 15:6).

 Passing thence to the north, and going out to Ensemes, that is to say, the fountain of the sue: And it passeth along to the hills that are over against the ascent of Adommim: and it goeth down to Abenboen, that is, the stone of Been the son of Ruben: and it passeth on the north side to the champaign countries; and goeth down into the plain.” DR Jos 18:17-18 

transiens ad aquilonem et egrediens ad Aensemes id est fontem Solis et pertransit usque ad tumulos qui sunt e regione ascensus Adommim descenditque ad Abenboen id est lapidem Boen filii Ruben et pertransit ex latere aquilonis ad campestria descenditque in planitiem” LV Jos 18:17-18 

And was drawn from the north, and went forth to Enshemesh, and went forth toward Geliloth, which is over against the going up of Adummim, and descended to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben.”  KJV Jos 18:17

And the borders shall go across to the fountain of Baethsamys: and shall proceed to Galiloth [Γαλιλώθ], which is in front by the going up of Æthamin; and they shall come down to the stone of Baeon of the sons of Ruben; and shall pass over behind Baetharaba northward, and shall go down to the borders behind the sea northward.” Sep Jos 18:17-18 



Galilee


The Greek place name Galilee originates from the word ‘galil’ which means a cylinder, rod, circuit, or district.  The word ‘galil’ also originates from the word ‘galal’ which means to roll, roll away (commit, remove, down, together, run down, seek occasion, trust).  Therefore, Galilee was land with borders called a district and this land within these borders was committed to be the land of Galilee.  The borders of the land may have been marked with stones or other markers.

Joshua 20:4 or 7 – Cedes in Galilee or Galilea


The first mention of the place called Galilee is in the book of Joshua.

 “And they appointed Cedes in Galilee of mount Nephtali, and Sichem in mount Ephraim, and Cariath-Arbe, the same is Hebron in the mountain of Juda.” DR Jos 20:7

decreveruntque Cedes in Galilea montis Nepthali et Sychem in monte Ephraim et Cariatharbe ipsa est Hebron in monte Iuda  LV Jos 20:7

And they appointed Kedesh[ sanctuary] in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah.” KJV Jos 20:7

And Joshua separated Cades[Κεδής] in Galilee [Γαλιλαία] in the mount Nephthali, and Sychem in the mount Ephraim, and the city of Arboc; this is Chebron, in the mountain of Juda.” Sep Jos 20:7 



Wheel called Gelgel or Galgal


Sometimes the English words wheel, whirl, whirlwind are translated from the block Hebrew word galgal which originates from the word galal meaning to roll, to roll away, etc (see above).  The English word wheel is also translated from other words (as shown below).

Ezekiel 10:13 – Wheel, Gelgel or Voluble


The wheels that Ezekiel described were called Galgal or Gelgel which is derived from the word galal which means to roll away or commit.

And their whole body, and their necks, and their hands, and their wings, and the circles were full of eyes, round about the four wheels. And these wheels he called voluble, in my hearing. And every one had four faces: one face was the face of a cherub, and the second face, the face of a man: and in the third was the face of a lion: and in the fourth the face of an eagle. And the cherubims were lifted up: this is the living creature that I had seen by the river Chobar.” DR Eze 10:12-15

et rotas [wheel, chariot] istas vocavit volubiles [that turns itself around, turning, spinning, whirling, rolling, revolving]  audiente me” LV Eze 10:13

As for the wheels [ophan; meaning to revolve; a wheel], it was cried unto them in my hearing, O wheel [galgal: a wheel, whirl, whirlwind]”.  KJV Eze 10:13

And as for their appearance, there was one likeness to the four, as if there should be a wheel in the midst of a wheel. When they went, they went on their four sides; they turned not when they went, for whichever way the first head looked, they went; and they turned not as they went. And their backs, and their hands, and their wings, and the wheels, were full of eyes round about the four wheels. And these wheels [τροχοίς (trochos); a wheel (as a runner), a circuit] were called Gelgel [Γέλγελ; closest word I could find in Greek is γέλγις (gélgis) head of garlic] in my hearing. And the cherubs were the same living creature which I saw by the river of Chobar. And when the cherubs went, the wheels went, and they were close to them: and when the cherubs lifted up their wings to mount up from the earth, their wheels turned not. When they stood, the wheels stood; and when they mounted up, the wheels mounted up with them: because the spirit of life was in them. Then the glory of the Lord departed from the house, and went up on the cherubs. And the cherubs lifted up their wings, and mounted up from the earth in my sight: when they went forth, the wheels were also beside them, and they stood at the entrance of the front gate of the house of the Lord; and the glory of the God of Israel was upon them above. This is the living creature which I saw under the God of Israel by the river of Chobar; and I knew that they were cherubs.” Sep Eze 10:10-20



Golgotha - Head or Skull


The bible place named Golgotha where Jesus was crucified and the word skull also originate from the word galal. The English word head or skull is the word gulgoleth which means head, every man, poll (census), skull (as round).  It originates from the word ‘galal’ which means to ‘roll away or commit’.  This might mean that our skull or mind should always be committed to our Father who is in Heaven.

And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech's head, and all to brake his skull [gulgoleth].” KJV Jud 9:53

Jesus was crucified at Golgotha which was near Jerusalem.  It is a place meaning skull.

Then therefore he delivered him unto them to be crucified. They took Jesus therefore: and he went out, bearing the cross for himself, unto the place called The place of a skull [kraniou], which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha [Γολγοθᾶ, a hill near Jerusalem; from gulgoleth: skull, head, census origin galal: to roll, roll away or commit] : where they crucified him, and with him two others, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.” ASV John 19:16-18



Golgotha was mentioned in the Irish book ‘Lehar Brec’ page 49 and can be downloaded here.   See part of page 49 below:





Circular Threshing Floors


King Solomon built the temple at the place where David had prepared a threshing floor:

And the king said to Orna, Nay, but I will surely buy it of thee at a fair price, and I will not offer to the Lord my God a whole-burnt-offering for nothing. So David purchased the threshing-floor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. And David built there an altar to the Lord, and offered up whole-burnt-offerings and peace-offerings: and Solomon made an addition to the altar afterwards, for it was little at first. And the Lord hearkened to the land, and the plague was stayed from Israel.” Sep 2Sa 24:24-25

“And Solomon began to build the house of the Lord in Jerusalem in the mount of Amoria, where the Lord appeared to his father David, in the place which David had prepared in the threshing-floor of Orna the Jebusite.” Sep 2Ch 3:1 

Ancient threshing floors were a circle of stones where grains are threshed and the stones are sometimes solar aligned.  A threshing floor is where grain seeds were separated from chaff by trampling.




The verses below demonstrate the importance of the threshing floor and press. First fruits of grain go to the threshing floor or a press for wine or oil.

Thou shalt not keep back the first-fruits of thy threshing floor and press. The first-born of thy sons thou shalt give to me.” Sep Exo 22:29 

The priest must bless the first fruits from both the threshing floor and press before they can be consumed.

“... he shall take off from (the grain of) the threshing-floor one tenth of a ho[mer (measure of volume, c. 220 litres), that is one eph]ah [or bath (22 litres), as is established]. The ephah and the bath are both the same measure. And from [the wheat o]ne sixth of [an ephah out of a homer and one tenth of a bath] for the fruit of trees. Let no one separate himself (from the norm of I out of 200, cf. Ezek. xlv, 15) by offering one lamb out of a hundred. Let [no] man eat [from the threshing-floor] and from the garden before [the prie]sts have stretched out their hand [to ble]ss first.” Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q 271, fr. 2 (4Q269, fr. 8 i-ii; 270, fr. 3 iii)

Israelites were required to separate out part of their offering from the threshing floor and use it to make dough for the Feast of Weeks offering.

Speak to the sons of Israel, and thou shalt say to them, When ye are entering into the land, into which I bring you, then it shall come to pass, when ye shall eat of the bread of the land, ye shall separate a wave-offering, a special offering to the Lord, the first-fruits of your dough. Ye shall offer your bread a heave [αφαίρεμα (faírema) removable] -offering: as a heave-offering from the threshing-floor, so shall ye separate it, even the first-fruits of your dough, and ye shall give the Lord a heave-offering throughout your generations.” Sep Num 15:18-21 

Therefore ancient temples and churches would have a threshing floor so that they could comply with the laws of Moses.  Grain offerings were prepared within the ‘circle of stones’.



‘Circle of Stones’ Worldwide


Circles of Stones have been found worldwide; however below I focus on the circle of stones found in America, Europe and Australia.  Some of these ‘circle of stones’ may have been also used as threshing floors.




The ancient ‘circles of stones’ may have been the origin of these ringforts or kivas.  In America they are called kivas and in Europe they are called ringforts.




Greek Temenos


The Greeks had temenos which was an area that was ‘cut off’ or ‘marked off’ for sacred use. The land in the temenos was marked off for official use for a king, chief or god and it was a sacred circle.  The word temenos was used in this verse:

“And I will scatter your bones round about your altars, and in all your habitations: the cities shall be made desolate, and the high places utterly laid waste; that your altars may be destroyed, and your idols be broken to pieces, and your consecrated plats [τεμένη, plural of τέμενος (témenos) a sacred enclosure] be abolished.” Sep Eze 6:5-6

A temenos enclosed a sacred space called a hieron; all things inside of this area belonged to God.  A hieron is a holy place, temple, shrine or sanctuary and this word was used in the verse below.

“And one week shall establish the covenant with many: and in the midst of the week my sacrifice and drink-offering shall be taken away: and on the temple [ιερόν (hieron)] shall be the abomination of desolations; and at the end of time an end shall be put to the desolation.” Sep Dan 9:27  
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To see a Greek threshing floor and stone circle, click here since these photos are copyrighted.

Conclusion


The ‘circle of stones’ were holy places where sacred events occurred.  These circles are part of our lost Israelite culture that appears to date back to Adam and his descendants also.  Today’s praying in a circle may have originated with the ‘circle of stones’.  Prayer circles were conducted in early Christianity before the practice was condemned as a heresy by the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 A.D

Sources:

Gilgal: "circle (of stones)" the name of several places in Palestine http://biblehub.com/hebrew/1537.htm
Caherconnell Stone Fort, Co. Clare, Ireland  https://youtu.be/TiqfaRMoGX0
Nevada Oldest Petroglyphs in North America with ‘circle of stones’ at 3:27  https://youtu.be/lsXwSe4oEOA
Nevada https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnemucca_Lake oldest petroglyphs in North America
Sheep Springs, El Paso California https://youtu.be/KfyEP1fIsKo circle of stones -unknown age – grinding slick in the middle
Butler Wash, San Juan (Saint John) County, Utah https://youtu.be/V_Q7i2m-m3A
Beaver Island Lake Michigan Heliacal Rising http://www.repositorybeaverislandstonecircle.com/index.html
The United States has several stone circles that were used as a solar calendar.  Here are links for more information: